Video Discription |
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- Dr. Dan Lieberman explains one treatment for Spinal Stenosis, Laminectomy.
Spinal stenosis constricts the space around the nerve roots in the spinal canal which causes pain down the legs while walking. The electrical pain or fullness you feel in the legs with walking caused by spinal stenosis is relieved by bending forward. That is because bending forward opens up the spinal canal and makes more room. People with spinal stenosis often become aware of it first in the grocery store; if they lean on a cart they can walk further.
In addition to pain with walking, spinal stenosis causes pain to shoot down the leg. Narrowing of the side of the spinal canal or of the passages through which the nerve roots pass causes nerve root compression. You feel a shooting pain in the area controlled by the compressed nerve root. Your doctor may find numbness and weakness on examination as well.
The truth is you cannot tell if you have spinal stenosis based just on how it feels. Clogging of the arteries also causes pain down your legs while walking. Bad veins can make your legs feel heavy. And herniated discs or bone spurs can cause pain down your leg. You may suspect you have spinal stenosis due to numbness, heaviness, or tingling in your feet when you walk that is relieved by bending over; however, you cannot feel spinal stenosis. You know if you have spinal stenosis by getting an MRI.
Spinal stenosis is deadly serious. Lumbar spinal stenosis, such as Jon presented with, always gets worse. Not to scare you but left untreated spinal stenosis will cause paralysis of the legs, uncontrollable pain while standing and walking, numbness in the legs, inability to control your urine, and sexual dysfunction. Yikes.
In the old times before laminectomy surgery the result of spinal stenosis was that to end up paralyzed, in bed, incontinent of urine and with sexual dysfunction until you died of a urinary tract infection. Today we are not going to let that happen to you.
The term ‘stenosis’ refers to narrowing of the spinal canal which holds the spinal cord (cervical and thoracic). If you think of the spinal canal as a room, stenosis is the result of the room getting smaller. As you age the joints that form the walls of the spinal canal get thicker, the disc (floor) bulges, and the ligament on the roof thicken with age.
See the problem? Once it gets started, the processes of spinal narrowing can only get worse. Spinal stenosis is always progressive; it only gets worse. That means there is no stretching, exercise, injection, medicine, magic crème, or supplement that can help. Even sleeping in a pyramid with magnetic walls will not save you. We know because we have done studies.
Spinal stenosis can be cured by laminectomy surgery. Narrowing of the spine is due to some combination of enlargement of the spinal facet joints which form the walls of the spinal canal; bulging discs which raise the level of the floor; shift in bones trapping the spinal canal; and lowering of the roof due to thickening of spinal ligaments. No matter what caused the room to get small, the cure is to raise the roof; this is done with an operation called laminectomy.
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The roof of the spinal canal is a bone called the lamina. In medicine removing something is an –ectomy. For example, if they take out your tonsils you would call that tonsillectomy. Similarly, raising the roof of the spinal canal is an operation called laminectomy, which stands for removing the lamina. The procedure is done through under with you asleep through an incision that is less than an inch and takes around 45 minutes to an hour. The surgery is minimally invasive, which means you do not need to stay overnight in a hospital. You are mostly recovered from laminectomy surgery in a week, but not truly fully recovered for three weeks.
But there must be an alternative to surgery, right? We used to think so. For example, until 2014 pain management doctors gave epidural injections for the treatment of early spinal stenosis. Then someone tested it out.
A Randomized Trial of Epidural Glucocorticoid Injections for Spinal Stenosis | NEJM
Trials can be done in several ways. The worst way to do a trial is called a case series. That is where a surgeon says, “I did this and this and that, and here’s what happened.” The problem with this kind of process is bias and lack of transparency. We do not know how patients were selected, how many were rejected, and how much of the effect observed was due to placebo. The style of trial with the least bias and that provides the strongest results is a randomized controlled trial. That is where people with spinal stenosis would be assigned by flipping a coin to injection or no injection. [l4qCqQ70_rc] |